Ornithology/Passeriformes

Main article: Ornithology

Passeriformes is an order which contains over half of the known species of birds. Also referred to as songbirds, passerines have three forward-facing toes and one backward-facing toe which separates them from other birds. This is the largest group of birds on the Official Bird List, and the information that competitors are expected to know about them has changed over time. Sixteen of the expected calls on the 2020 list come from this order, and several birds such as the olive-sided flycatcher, warbling vireo, and the red-eyed vireo required competitors to know their calls in the past.

Tyrant Flycatchers (Tyrannidae)

Olive-sided Flycatcher Species Contopus cooperi Habitat Woodlands Diet Flying insects Conservation Near threatened	Eastern Phoebe Species Pyrocephalus rubinus Habitat Woodlands Diet Flying insects Conservation Least concern
Vermilion Flycatcher Species Anas cyanoptera Habitat Desert, chaparrel, riparian woodlands Diet Insects Conservation Least concern	Great Crested Flycatcher Species Myiarchus crinitus Habitat Deciduous woodland Diet Insects Call Link Conservation Least concern
Eastern Kingbird Species Tyrannus tyrannus Habitat Fields, pastures, grasslands Diet Insects, berries and fruits Conservation Least concern	Scissor-tailed Flycatcher Species Tyrannus forficatus Habitat Grasslands Diet Insects Conservation Least concern

Shrikes (Laniidae)

Loggerhead Shrike Species Lanius ludovicianus Habitat Grasslands interspersed with trees Diet Insects, amphibians, reptiles, birds Conservation Least concern

Vireos (Vireonidae)

Warbling Vireo Species Vireo gilvus Habitat Open woodlands Diet Insects, fruit, seeds Conservation Least concern

Red-eyed Vireo Species Vireo olivaceus Habitat Deciduous forests Diet Insects, fruit Conservation Least concern

Jays and Crows (Corvidae)

Steller's Jay Species Cyanocitta stelleri Habitat Forests Diet Omnivorous Conservation Least concern	Blue Jay Species Cyanocitta cristata Habitat Forests Diet Omnivorous Call Link Conservation Least concern
Black-billed Magpie Species Pica hudsonia Habitat Open woodland Diet Omnivorous Conservation Least concern	American Crow Species Corvus brachyrhynchos Habitat Open woodland Diet Omnivorous Call Link Conservation Least concern
Common Raven Species Corvus corax Habitat Mountains Diet Omnivorous Conservation Least concern

Larks (Alaudidae)

Horned Lark Species Eremophilia alpestris Habitat Grasslands Diet Seeds Conservation Least concern

Swallows (Hirundinidae)

Purple Martin Species Progne subis Habitat Lakes and ponds Diet Insects Conservation Least concern

Cliff Swallow Species Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Habitat Lakes and ponds Diet Insects Conservation Least concern

Barn Swallow Species Hirundo rustica Habitat Towns Diet Insects Conservation Least concern

Chickadees and Titmice (Paridae)

Black-capped Chickadee Species Poecile atricapillus Habitat Forests and parks Diet Insects, seeds and berries Call Link Conservation Least concern

Tufted Titmouse Species Baeolophus bicolor Habitat Deciduous/mixed woods, parks, gardens Diet Berries, nuts, insects Call Link Conservation Least concern

Nuthatches (Sittidae)

Red-breasted Nuthatch Species Sitta canadensis Habitat Coniferous forests Diet Insects and seeds Call Link Conservation Least concern

White-breasted Nuthatch Species Sitta carolinensis Habitat Woodland, parks, gardens Diet Insects and nuts Conservation Least concern

Creepers (Certhiidae)

Brown Creeper Species Certhia americana Habitat Mature conifer forests Diet Small arthropods, seeds Conservation Least concern

Wrens (Troglodytidae)

Cactus Wren Species Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus Habitat Arid deserts Diet Insects, seeds, fruits Conservation Least concern	Marsh Wren Species Cistothorus palustris Habitat Marshes Diet Insects, spiders, snails Conservation Least concern
Carolina Wren Species Thryothorus ludovicianus Habitat Forests, farms, suburban areas Diet Invertebrates Call Link Conservation Least concern

Dippers (Cinclidae)

American Dipper Species Cinclus mexicanus Habitat Mountainous streams Diet Aquatic invertebrates Conservation Least concern

Kinglets (Regulidae)

Golden-crowned Kinglet Species Regulus satrapa Habitat Coniferous forests Diet Insects Conservation Least concern

Ruby-crowned Kinglet Species Regulus calendula Habitat Spruce-fir forests Diet Insects, spiders, seeds Conservation Least concern

Gnatcatchers (Polioptilidae)

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Species Polioptila caerulea Habitat Open deciduous woods, shrublands Diet Insects, insect eggs, spiders Conservation Least concern

Thrushes (Turdidae)

Eastern Bluebird Species Sialia sialis Habitat Open country such as pastures and fields Diet Insects and invertebrates, seeds, berries Conservation Least concern	Wood Thrush Species Hylocichla mustelina Habitat Deciduous and mixed forests Diet Invertebrates and larvae, fruits Call Link Conservation Least concern
American Robin Species Turdus migratorius Habitat Woodland and urban areas Diet Invertebrates, fruits, and berries Call Link Conservation Least concern

Mockingbirds and Thrashers (Mimidae)

Gray Catbird Species Dumetella carolinensis Habitat Thickets, semi-open areas, scrublands Diet Fruit, berries, invertebrates Conservation Least concern	Northern Mockingbird Species Mimus polyglottos Habitat Scrub, parks, and gardens Diet Insects and fruits Call Link Conservation Least concern
Brown Thrasher Species Toxostoma rufum Habitat Woodland edges and dense brush Diet Insects, fruits and nuts Conservation Least concern

Waxwings (Bombycillidae)

Cedar Waxwing Species Bombycilla cedrorum Habitat Open forests, typically near water Diet Berries and insects Conservation Least concern

Wood-Warblers (Parulidae)

Yellow Warbler Species Setophaga petechia Habitat Riparian areas, farmlands Diet Insects Conservation Least concern	Magnolia Warbler Species Setophaga magnolia Habitat Dense forests Diet Arthropods, particularly caterpillars Conservation Least concern
Yellow-rumped Warbler Species Setophaga coronata Habitat Coniferous and mixed forests Diet Insects Conservation Least concern	Black-throated Green Warbler Species Setophaga virens Habitat Coniferous and mixed forests Diet Insects and berries Conservation Least concern
Black-and-white Warbler Species Mniotilta varia Habitat Mixed forests Diet Insects and other arthropods Conservation Least concern	American Redstart Species Setophaga ruticilla Habitat Deciduous forests Diet Insects Conservation Least concern
Ovenbird Species Seiurus aurocapilla Habitat Deciduous and mixed forests Diet Arthropods and snails Conservation Least concern	Kentucky Warbler Species Geothlypis formosa Habitat Deciduous forests, woodland undergrowth Diet Insects Conservation Least concern
Common Yellowthroat Species Geothlypis trichas Habitat Marshes Diet Insects Call Link Conservation Least concern

New World Sparrow (Passerellidae)

Spotted Towhee Species Pipilo maculatus Habitat Dry forests Diet Insects, seeds and berries Call Link Conservation Least concern	Black-chinned Sparrow Species Spizella atrogularis Habitat Dry brushlands and scrub Diet Insects Conservation Least concern
Lark Sparrow Species Chondestes grammacus Habitat Grasslands and open country Diet Seeds and insects Conservation Least concern	Harris's Sparrow Species Zonotrichia querula Habitat Forested tundras Diet Seeds and fruits Conservation Near threatened
White-crowned Sparrow Species Zonotrichia leucophrys Habitat Open areas, meadows and forest edges Diet Grasses and arthropods Conservation Least concern	Chipping Sparrow Species Spizella passerina Habitat Open woodlands Diet Seeds and insects Conservation Least concern
Dark-eyed Junco Species Junco hyemalis Habitat Coniferous forests Diet Seeds Conservation Least concern

Longspurs and Buntings (Calcariidae)

Lapland Longspur Species Calcarius lapponicus Habitat Open spaces and tundras Diet Seeds and insects Conservation Least concern

Snow Bunting Species Plectrophenax nivalis Habitat Arctic tundras Diet Seeds, insects, and spiders Conservation Least concern

Cardinals and Allies (Cardinalidae)

Northern Cardinal Species Cardinalis cardinalis Habitat Dense foliage, forest edges, backyards Diet Seeds and fruit, some insects Call Link Conservation Least concern	Indigo Bunting Species Passerina cyanea Habitat Abandoned fields, forest edges Diet Insects, seeds, berries Conservation Least concern
Painted Bunting Species Passerina ciris Habitat Semi-open areas such as abandoned farms Diet Seeds, insects Conservation Least concern	Scarlet Tanager Species Piranga olivacea Habitat Deciduous and mixed forests Diet Insects, fruit Conservation Least concern

Blackbirds (Icteridae)

Bobolink Species Dolichonyx oryzivorus Habitat Open areas, large fields Diet Seeds, insects, spiders Conservation Least concern	Red-winged Blackbird Species Agelaius phoeniceus Habitat Marshes Diet Insects Call Link Conservation Least concern
Western Meadowlark Species Sturnella neglecta Habitat Grasslands, prairies, meadows Diet Insects, seeds Call Link Conservation Least concern	Yellow-headed Blackbird Species Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus Habitat Wetlands, marshes Diet Insects and seeds Conservation Least concern
Common Grackle Species Quiscalus quiscula Habitat Open woodland, forest edges Diet Seeds Conservation Least concern	Brown-headed Cowbird Species Molothrus ater Habitat Grasslands, woodland edges Diet Seeds Conservation Least concern
Baltimore Oriole Species Icterus galbula Habitat Open deciduous woodlands Diet Insects, fruit, nectar Call Link Conservation Least concern

Fringillids and Allies (Fringillidae)

Red Crossbill Species Loxia curvirostra Habitat Coniferous forests Diet Coniferous seeds Conservation Least concern	American Goldfinch Species Spinus tristis Habitat Open woodland, weedy fields Diet Seeds Conservation Least concern
Evening Grosbeak Species Coccothraustes vespertinus Habitat Coniferous forests Diet Seeds, invertebrates Conservation Least concern	House Finch Species Haemorhous mexicanus Habitat Mainly human-created structures, some dry open areas Diet Seeds, buds, fruits Conservation Least concern
Pine Siskin Species Spinus pinus Habitat Open mixed or coniferous forests Diet Seeds, insects Conservation Least concern

Old World Sparrows (Passeridae)

House Sparrow Species Passer domesticus Habitat Towns, buildings Diet Grains and seeds Conservation Least concern

Old World Starlings (Sturnidae)

European Starling Species Sturnus vulgaris Habitat Towns, buildings Diet Insects and invertebrates Conservation Least concern

Previous Birds Black Phoebe Species Sayornis nigricans Habitat Clearings near forests Diet Insects, fruit, fish Conservation Least concern Western Kingbird Species Tyrannus verticalis Habitat Grassland, chaparrel, fields Diet Flyining insects Call Link Conservation Least concern Clark's Nutcracker Species Nucifraga columbiana Habitat forest Diet pinecones; omnivorous Conservation Least concern