Meteorology B

[bernard]

Question Marathons Explained

[treesdea]

Let's start this off with some basic knowledge!
1. What year was Hurricane Katrina?
2. List two possible factors in the development of a mudslide.
3. What category hurricane was Hurricane Ida?
4. Define a tornado outbreak.
5. Name some procedures to follow whenever a blizzard hits.
6. Name the hurricane that hit Southern California in 2023.

[Banana2020]

Click to Show Answer

1. 2005
2. heavyish precipitation, and little foliage/plants/trees etc. 
3. 4
4. same synoptic system, usually 2 or more supercells or areas of general rotation that spawn like 8ish thunderstorms to be classified as an outbreak
5. Literally don't go outside, don't drive, stay alert and updated, make sure you have emergency supplies
6. Hilary

My questions now!
1. How does a panhandle hook originate, what type of storm is it, what conditions favor it?
2. Say a meteorologist intends to look at the potential vorticity in an area to try to determine if conditions will be favorable for Severe Storms, what types of observation might he look at, how are these obtained, how would he go about finding them?
3. In the tropics over the warm oceans, clouds which penetrate the boundary layer inversion and rise as high as 5 km are very common. However, most such clouds do not develop
into deep convective clouds. Why not?
4. It is difficult for traditional weather forecast models to make accurate predictions of hurricane intensity. Specify and briefly discuss two specific challenges traditional forecast
models encounter when trying to make hurricane intensity forecasts. These should be challenges that do not ordinarily give rise to errors in day to day forecasting.
5. Under what conditions would an unsaturated air parcel not follow the dry adiabat in a thermodynamic diagram?
6. Can thunderstorms utilize all the CAPE present?

[aptdon]

Here are two more mathematical questions to get some application-based thinking started as well before scaling into severe storm specific mathematical problems!

1. City A is at 2700 feet and City B is at 7400 feet. Assuming the air is dry, DALR is 9.8 centigrade per kilometer, and temperature is only changed through adiabatic processes, what is the temperature at City B if City A is currently 75 degrees Fahrenheit?

2. Take the previous question, except add that the dew point is 20 centigrade and MALR is 5.8 centigrade per kilometer. What is the temperature at City B with this added information? (Assume dew point remains constant)

3. Bonus question: What is the Lifted Condensation Level in question 2?

[Wyls1000]

CLICK TO SHOW ANSWER (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. ≈ 34.74° C
2. 266.73 °K or -6.42 °C
3. ≈ 2.103 kilometers above sea level. 
(hopefully this is right)
(otherwise please reply and say so)

Now my questions:

1. What are fast moving bands of thunderstorms with destructive winds called?
2. What happens when warm/dry air descends rapidly down a mountainside?
3. Where is the main charging area of a thunderstorm when concerning electrification of clouds?
4. What does ASOS stand for, and what does it do?
5. What are the three most common doppler radar interferences?
6. What year did Hurricane Ida occur, and what category was it in?

[jyin0]

Click to Show Answer

1. derechos
2. downslope winds, causes temperatures to rapidly increase
3. the center, where ice pellets and graupel collide
4. automated surface observing system, a type of weather station
5. not entirely sure, I think it would be ground interference, birds / insects, and multiple reflections?
6. 2021, category 4

my questions:
1. what are the requirements for a storm to be severe?
2. what month do the most derechos happen in?
3. how does the mesocyclone affect tornado formation?

[Wyls1000]

CLICK TO SHOW ANSWER (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. if winds reach at least 93 kilometers per hour (58 mph), hail is 25 millimeters (1 in) in diameter or larger, or if funnel clouds or tornadoes are reported. 
2. May, June, July, and August
3. They form in supercells and causes atmosphere to spin in tubes, and the updraft draws it up creating a wall cloud which can lead to the development of a tornado (within mesocyclone there's rotating updraft and downdrafts) 

btw @jyin0, for question 5 it's wind farms, sun interference, and smoke plumes.

My questions:
1. How many categories are on the SSHWS?
2. How many named storms formed in the 2023 Atlantic hurricane season?
3. What's the difference between MCS and MCC (not just the name difference :D)

[jyin0]

Click to Show Answer

1. 5 for hurricanes, 7 in total
2. 19, not including an unnamed subtropical storm
3. an MCS is a collection of thunderstorms that lasts for more than 12 hours. an MCC is a type of MCS, which is a circular cluster to thunderstorms

questions:
1. what is entrainment?
2. what is the criteria for a severe thunderstorm?
(im not good at coming up with these)

[Wyls1000]

Click to Show Answer

1. air outside of a draft enters the preexisting wind current and becomes part of it.
2. if winds reach at least 93 kilometers per hour (58 mph), hail is 25 millimeters (1 in) in diameter or larger, or if funnel clouds or tornadoes are reported. Although a funnel cloud or tornado indicates a severe thunderstorm, a tornado warning is issued in place of it. 

my questions:
1. what is the life cycle of a squall line?
2. What is the official name for the Great White Hurricane?
3. In what year was there a tornado outbreak in Xenia, Ohio?
4. Which areas did the last storm of the century affect?