Anatomy and Physiology B/C

[Anomaly]

Some excretory system questions:

1. Name the layers of the kidney from outermost to innermost layer.

2. The specialized cells of the Bowman's capsule are known as __________.

3. Which part of the nephron has the greatest osmolarity?

4. Why are women at a higher risk of developing a UTI than men?

5. List and explain the three (3) main stages in the formation of urine.

okay i literally just spent one hour on the excretory system so lets see what I can do

lol this is gonna be alllll wrong (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. don't know if you mean cortex, medulla, pelvis or like the layers of tissue, which iirc are renal fascia, adipose (or perirenal fat) capsule, and renal capsule.
2. uhhh podocytes?
3. idk this one so im gonna guess Loop of Henle
4. Women have a shorter urethra than men do, so its easier to reach the bladder.
5. ummmmmm filtration, which occurs in the glomerulus and pushes substances into the bowman's capsule, reabsorption, in which solute reabsorption occurs in the proximal convoluted tubules back into the blood and water reabsorption occurs in the loop of henle and the distal convoluted tubules back into the blood, and secretion, which regulates toxins and electrolyte imbalances through secretions into the collecting duct?

lol i feel bad for you having to read these crappy answers

[jxxu20]

Nice! For #1, the answer was renal fascia, adipose capsule, and renal capsule, but you gave me what I was looking for; everything is correct. Your turn!

[skinjin]

1. What are the types of cardiomyopathy?

2. List the steps of the coronary arteries circulation

3. List where the coronary arteries supply oxygen to

4. What are the two types of ventricular tachycardia and whats the difference?

[skinjin]

Also does any one know how to describe the difference of a lymph nodule compared to lymph node.
It would be really appreciated. Thanks

[AarushMehta]

Also does any one know how to describe the difference of a lymph nodule compared to lymph node.
It would be really appreciated. Thanks

A lymph nodule is smaller, doesn't have a well-defined connective-tissue capsule as a boundary, and doesn't function as a filter. Here's a link that may help: https://goo.gl/9PezHj

[jxxu20]

Let's revive this forum!

Questions:
1. In what phase(s) of the cardiac cycle is (are) all the atrioventricular and semilunar valves closed?

2. The _____ of an artery is smaller than one in a vein, but the _____ _____ of an artery is bigger than one in a vein.

3. In an ECG rhythm strip, the distance between two tick marks represents ___ _____ of time.

4. What is the structure and function of a germinal center in a lymph node?

5. Why is hyperventilation treated by breathing in a paper bag?

[donutsandcupcakes]

I am not sure of my answers.....
1, Isovolumetric Relaxation Period?

2. I am not sure about this one but... the diameter of an artery is smaller than a vein, and arteries have thicker walls than veins.

3. 6 secs?

4. Germinal centers are sites within secondary lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, spleen). It is where mature B cells proliferate, differentiate, and mutate their antibody genes.

5. Hyperventilation makes one loose carbon dioxide, and rebreathing help restore that lost gas in the body.

[jxxu20]

Your answers look pretty good! A couple of things worth mentioning:

Question 2 -- I was looking for "lumen" and "tunica media" respectively, but your response was acceptable.

Question 5 -- When you hyperventilate, you exhale a lot of CO2, and this lowers your blood pH because the hydrogen ion concentration of your blood increases depending on the amount of CO2 you have in your system (think back to the equation CO2 + H20 => H2CO3 => HCO3- + H+). Breathing back this air will readjust your blood pH.

[donutsandcupcakes]

I am guessing it is my turn...

1. What is the flow of lymph?
2. Right Lymphatic duct empties into the ___________?
3. How long do red blood cells live?
4. What are the functions of the excretory system?

[Anomaly]

I am guessing it is my turn...

1. What is the flow of lymph?
2. Right Lymphatic duct empties into the ___________?
3. How long do red blood cells live?
4. What are the functions of the excretory system?

hmm lets try this...

Click to Show Answer

1. Interstitial fluid -> lymph -> lymph capillary -> afferent lymph vessel -> lymph node -> efferent lymph vessel -> lymph truck -> lymph duct (right lymphatic duct or thoracic duct) -> subclavian vein -> blood -> interstitial fluid

2. Right subclavian vein?

3. ~120 days (about 4 months)

4. Excretes toxins and nitrogenous waste, regulates levels of many chemicals in blood, maintains water balance, and helps regulate blood pressure

oof prob all wrong but whatever man