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Positive Predictive Value: A/(A+B) × 100
Negative Predictive Value: D/(D+C) × 100

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Purple: Food borne or organism stuff
Orange: Specific people
Green: Vocab
Blue: Basic epidemiology knowledge
Red: Types of studies
Pink: Statistics
Yellow: Other stuff

In statistical mechanics, entropy (usual symbol S) is related to the number of microscopic configurations Ω that a thermodynamic system can have when in a state as specified by some macroscopic variables. Specifically, assuming for simplicity that each of the microscopic configurations is equally probable, the entropy of the system is the natural logarithm of that number of configurations, multiplied by the Boltzmann constant kB. Formally,

{\displaystyle S=k_{\mathrm {B} }\ln \Omega {\text{ (assuming equiprobable states)}}.} {\displaystyle S=k_{\mathrm {B} }\ln \Omega {\text{ (assuming equiprobable states)}}.}



Entropy

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an image of minerals

Strength of Association - relationship is clear and risk estimate is high
Consistency - observation of association must be repeatable in different populations at different times Specificity - a single cause produces a specific effect
Alternative Explanations - consideration of multiple hypotheses before making conclusions about whether an association is causal or not Temporality - cause/exposure must precede the effect/outcome
Dose-Response Relationship - an increasing amount of exposure increases the risk
Biological Plausibility - the association agrees with currently accepted understanding of biological and pathological processes
Experimental Evidence - the condition can be altered, either prevented or accelerated, by an appropriate experimental process Coherence - the association should be compatible with existing theory and knowledge, including knowledge of past cases and epidemiological studies

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