Flexion and extension - flexion decreases the joint angle between body parts; extension increases the joint angle between body parts
Abduction and adduction - abduction moves a body part away from the midline, while adduction moves a body part toward the midline
Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion - dorsiflexion points the toes upward so that you are on your heels; plantar flexion points the toes downward so that you are on your toes
Elevation and depression - elevation is movement in a superior direction (shrugging your shoulders); depression is movement in an inferior direction
Perfect, your turn!
Awesome! Next question...
What is the chemical formula for hydroxyapatite?
2017 Science Olympiad - (Invites TBD/Reg/State/Nats) - Division C
1. Describe the cervical transverse and spinous processes (looking for~4 words)
2. The atlas has a large vertebral foramen that fits both an odontoid process and a spinal cord. What separates the two?
3. What's special about T12?
4. How many ossification centers does the sacrum have?
5. Order the vertebral foramen size of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar from smallest to largest
Bonus: What was the coccyx named after?
1. Describe the cervical transverse and spinous processes (looking for~4 words)
2. The atlas has a large vertebral foramen that fits both an odontoid process and a spinal cord. What separates the two?
3. What's special about T12?
4. How many ossification centers does the sacrum have?
5. Order the vertebral foramen size of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar from smallest to largest
Bonus: What was the coccyx named after?
1. Transverse foramina; bifid spinous processes
2. The body of the axis?
3. Body resembles lumbar vertebrae, short spinous process, no articular process on transverse process for the tubercle of rib, inferior articular facet faces laterally like lumbar vertebrae, each transverse process has a superior, inferior, and lateral tubercle
4. 35 centers of ossification
5. Cervical, lumbar, thoracic
Bonus: A cuckoo's beak?
2017 Science Olympiad - (Invites TBD/Reg/State/Nats) - Division C
1. Transverse foramina; bifid spinous processes
2. The body of the axis?
3. Body resembles lumbar vertebrae, short spinous process, no articular process on transverse process for the tubercle of rib, inferior articular facet faces laterally like lumbar vertebrae, each transverse process has a superior, inferior, and lateral tubercle
4. 35 centers of ossification
5. Cervical, lumbar, thoracic
Bonus: A cuckoo's beak?
1. Transverse foramina; bifid spinous processes
2. The body of the axis?
3. Body resembles lumbar vertebrae, short spinous process, no articular process on transverse process for the tubercle of rib, inferior articular facet faces laterally like lumbar vertebrae, each transverse process has a superior, inferior, and lateral tubercle
4. 35 centers of ossification
5. Cervical, lumbar, thoracic
Bonus: A cuckoo's beak?
Transverse ligament of the axis
The rest are correct!
I think you meant...
Transverse ligament of the atlas
My turn!
Fill in the blanks: The acetabulum is deepened and strengthened by a lip of fibrocartilage called ____________ ____________, and by a ____________ ____________ ____________, which crosses the acetabular notch on the inferior edge of the acetabulum.
2017 Science Olympiad - (Invites TBD/Reg/State/Nats) - Division C
Fill in the blanks: The acetabulum is deepened and strengthened by a lip of fibrocartilage called ____________ ____________, and by a ____________ ____________ ____________, which crosses the acetabular notch on the inferior edge of the acetabulum.
Fill in the blanks: The acetabulum is deepened and strengthened by a lip of fibrocartilage called ____________ ____________, and by a ____________ ____________ ____________, which crosses the acetabular notch on the inferior edge of the acetabulum.
Yeah, that's what I meant.
Acetabular labrum, ligament teres(?)
#1 is good, #2 is
transverse acetabular ligament, which also converts the acetabular notch into a foramen through which the nutrient vessels enter the joint.
Your turn!
2017 Science Olympiad - (Invites TBD/Reg/State/Nats) - Division C
Your turn