Microbe Mission B/C

[syo_astro]

No problem (I have been watching the forum for a while, but recently decided to post, so I am hoping that I am helpful/what I ask is alright myself). For me I have states in like 3 weeks (it is my first time to states, but I have done the event before so I am really hoping for gold). I am actually going over 3 practice tests I have right now. Some of the questions seem wrong (do archaea have membrane bound organelles, a question asks how bacteria and archaea are similar; I thought it was that they both have DNA just because it seemed so easy, but the question says that archaea has membrane bound organelles and bacteria do not).

Edit: Some other question seem weird. They gave a true false on whether viruses evolved before cells (I said true, but they said false, is there any reason behind this; I thought it go either way and we don't know yet, there was no or obviously).
What is the shape of helicobacter pylori. I thought from memory and the name it would be helical, but the answers say it is a spirillum, what!?
This is just something I am unsure of. I have found that sometimes things have you label cells. I see a green blob and I can never tell whether it is a peroxisome or a storage vacuole.
btw, if you haven't studied it I would recommend studying random info like magnitosomes, random species, viroids, etc.

[FullMetalMaple]

Some of the questions seem wrong (do archaea have membrane bound organelles, a question asks how bacteria and archaea are similar; I thought it was that they both have DNA just because it seemed so easy, but the question says that archaea has membrane bound organelles and bacteria do not).

Archaea don't have membrane-bound organelles.The best answer would be that they're both prokaryotes. (Wait, is the question how they're different? The answer given is a difference, not a similarity.)

They gave a true false on whether viruses evolved before cells (I said true, but they said false, is there any reason behind this; I thought it go either way and we don't know yet, there was no or obviously).
What is the shape of helicobacter pylori. I thought from memory and the name it would be helical, but the answers say it is a spirillum, what!?
This is just something I am unsure of. I have found that sometimes things have you label cells. I see a green blob and I can never tell whether it is a peroxisome or a storage vacuole.

I think viruses came first because they are supposed to have evolved from plasmids, which would have occurred long before the first cells formed. Helicobacter pylori is spiral-shaped, but its shape is officially bacillus (specifically curved bacillus). I'm not sure about peroxisomes versus vacuoles, but I think the latter are larger and not always circular.

[hexagonaria]

You would think that cells came first, since viruses are dependent on cells to reproduce.

[FullMetalMaple]

That's true, but viruses might not have become parasitic until after cells evolved. As far as I know, there are a few hypotheses but no definitive answer yet. But it makes sense that something as simple as a virus would evolve before something more complex like a cell.

[syo_astro]

Thank you hexagonaria and fullmetal. For the archaea question it was asking what statement was correct. One of the answers said they both had DNA (which is definitely true). For virus evolution, there is multiple theories I think they are:
they came from cells
cells came from viruses
both originally existed, it is just that cells evolved further
(this is why the question made no sense to me). Also, thanks about checking on the shape.

[MrX]

Here is a question from Conestoga 2011.

How can neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes affect prokaryote food fermentation?

Any suggestions?

[FullMetalMaple]

Here is a question from Conestoga 2011.

How can neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes affect prokaryote food fermentation?

Any suggestions?

I might have some... if I actually knew what the question was asking.

The only thing I can think of is the role of a virus in food fermentation (since they're neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes, being acellular). That would make me think of bacteriophages infecting bacteria in food... but that's a poorly written question. Do they mean how organisms that are neither eukaryotes nor prokaryotes affect prokaryotes that ferment food or how neither type can affect fermentation? That doesn't even make sense.

Oh, and themachine_, those are the three hypotheses. Something else to keep in mind is the debate over whether viruses are living, which could affect which came first.

[MrX]

Here is a question from Conestoga 2011.

How can neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes affect prokaryote food fermentation?

Any suggestions?

I might have some... if I actually knew what the question was asking.

The only thing I can think of is the role of a virus in food fermentation (since they're neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes, being acellular). That would make me think of bacteriophages infecting bacteria in food... but that's a poorly written question. Do they mean how organisms that are neither eukaryotes nor prokaryotes affect prokaryotes that ferment food or how neither type can affect fermentation? That doesn't even make sense.

Oh, and themachine_, those are the three hypotheses. Something else to keep in mind is the debate over whether viruses are living, which could affect which came first.

Thanks, you are right,it is about bacteriophage affecting bacteria. That was a pretty poorly worded question.....

[syo_astro]

How can neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes affect prokaryote food fermentation?

That was a poorly worded question. To me it sounded like a rhetorical question. Maybe, unless they kill the cell , fermentation happens in the cytoplasm and prokaryotes and eukaryotes can't affect the process. It doesn't sound like they were asking about viruses, then you could assume other abiotic organisms like viroids, prions, etc (though those don't really affect fermentation). Was it really about a bacteriophage?

There are many debates that could be discussed (anything involving the origin and classification of life is debated, but I am only worried about what to do when getting a non-short answer question format for that). I am more worried about cell bio, random pic/ID questions, or organelle/microbe anatomy questions. I am still curious where one would find a Winogradsky column in their research (I guess I need to get even more in depth in my research).

[SciBomb97]

I am still curious where one would find a Winogradsky column in their research (I guess I need to get even more in depth in my research).

Well, I think it was when I was searching stuff about purple and green sulfur/non-sulfur bacteria on Google, and I went to this webpage about those two types. There was a link in there about the Winogradsky column.
If you're interested, here's the site: http://www.biology.ed.ac.uk/archive/jde ... nograd.htm