Anatomy and Physiology B/C

[linzhiyan]

1. What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?
2. What are 3 differences between smooth and skeletal muscles?
3. What are the cells that make up the outermost layers of the epidermis? And what do they produce?

[cookie75]

1. What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?
2. What are 3 differences between smooth and skeletal muscles?
3. What are the cells that make up the outermost layers of the epidermis? And what do they produce?

1. From outermost to innermost, it is the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale.
2. Three differences between the smooth and skeletal muscles are that skeletal muscle is striated, smooth muscles are involuntary, and smooth muscle is mainly located in the walls of organs.
3. Keratinocytes make up the outermost layers of the epidermis. At the very top layers, most of the keratinocytes are dead and shed off as dust and dandruff. In the bottom layers, they make keratin

[linzhiyan]

1. What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?
2. What are 3 differences between smooth and skeletal muscles?
3. What are the cells that make up the outermost layers of the epidermis? And what do they produce?

1. From outermost to innermost, it is the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale.
2. Three differences between the smooth and skeletal muscles are that skeletal muscle is striated, smooth muscles are involuntary, and smooth muscle is mainly located in the walls of organs.
3. Keratinocytes make up the outermost layers of the epidermis. At the very top layers, most of the keratinocytes are dead and shed off as dust and dandruff. In the bottom layers, they make keratin

Rip, I kinda forgot about this but everything's right!

[jxxu20]

1. What three pigments are responsible for skin color? Describe in one or two sentences the purpose of each.
2. What component of the skin is responsible for causing goosebumps, and what is it innervated by?
3. Why are epidermal lamellar secretions important to the skin? In which layer of the epidermis do they take place?

[reninkidney]

1. What three pigments are responsible for skin color? Describe in one or two sentences the purpose of each.
2. What component of the skin is responsible for causing goosebumps, and what is it innervated by?
3. Why are epidermal lamellar secretions important to the skin? In which layer of the epidermis do they take place?

1. Eumelanin: produces a brownish pigment, pheomelanin: produces a reddish pigment, carotene: produces orangish pigment.
2. The arrector pili muscles are responsible for goosebumps. They are innervated by the sympathetic nervous system.
3. They make your skin waterproof. They are in the stratum spinosum/stratum granulosum.

[jxxu20]

All correct -- your turn!

[reninkidney]

1. Bob went to the doctor complaining of numbness & tingling in his fingers. He also complained of pain in his fingers and a shock-like sensation traveling up his arms. He is an avid pianist, who practices for 6 hours straight daily in preparation for his upcoming concert. What condition is Bob facing and what are some treatments?

2. A 15-year-old male went to the doctor's office complaining of constant itching on his soles. Examination of his foot revels a scaly red rash between his toes, dryness of the skin on the soles of his feet, and blisters on his feet. What is this condition called and what causes it?

3. What is the role of calcitonin in calcium homeostasis?

[jxxu20]

1. Bob has carpal tunnel syndrome. Non-surgical methods to treat his condition include wrist splinting, NSAIDS, and corticosteroids. Surgery can be provided to relieve pressure by cutting the ligament in front of the median nerve of the forearm.
2. The patient has athlete's foot/tinea pedis. It occurs when the tinea fungus starts growing on the feet.
3. Calcitonin is a hormone that decreases blood calcium levels in the body (as opposed to PTH, which increases it).

[reninkidney]

1. Bob has carpal tunnel syndrome. Non-surgical methods to treat his condition include wrist splinting, NSAIDS, and corticosteroids. Surgery can be provided to relieve pressure by cutting the ligament in front of the median nerve of the forearm.
2. The patient has athlete's foot/tinea pedis. It occurs when the tinea fungus starts growing on the feet.
3. Calcitonin is a hormone that decreases blood calcium levels in the body (as opposed to PTH, which increases it).

All correct! Your turn!

[reninkidney]

Time to revive this thread:
1. Why does the stratum granulosum look grainy when stained?

2. What is the function of the dystrophin-glycoprotein protein complex in muscle contraction?

3. What are the effects of hypercalcemia on the body?