Heredity B/Designer Genes C

[amk578]

Questions (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. A nucleosome has how many histone proteins?
2. Due to its shape, mitochondrial DNA resembles [eurkaryotic or prokaryotic] DNA?
3. What is the correct strand of base pairs corresponding to 5' AATGCAGGA 3' following replication?
4. In which parts of the cell do replication, transcription, and translation occur?
5. What was Phoebus Levene's contribution towards the discovery of the DNA molecule?

answers (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. 8?
2. prokaryotic
3. TTACGTCCT
4. replication is in the nucleus, transcription is also in the nucleus, translation is in the ribosome
5. dunno

1. Correct
2. Correct
3. Correct
4. Correct
5. Levene found that the DNA molecule is made of three main things (the four bases, sugar, and phosphate) Your turn!

[platypusomelette]

Your turn!

1. Insects use the X0 chromosome system, where XX = female and X = male. Eggs will always have one X chromosome. Which gamete determines the sex of the zygote?
2. What are the five basic chromosome mutations? What happens in each?

[jxxu20]

Answer (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. The sperm cell of the male determines the gender (it either has -- or does not have -- two Xs, thus determining whether the offspring is male or female).

2. (Not sure about this one):
    a. Deletion -- when a gene gets deleted from a chromosome
    b. Duplication -- when a gene has an extra copy on a chromosome
    c. Insertion -- when the number of DNA bases in a gene changes because a piece of DNA is added
    d. Inversion -- when the order of genes on a chromosome changes
    e. Translocation -- when a gene is transferred from one chromosome to another

[platypusomelette]

Answer (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. The sperm cell of the male determines the gender (it either has -- or does not have -- two Xs, thus determining whether the offspring is male or female).

2. (Not sure about this one):
    a. Deletion -- when a gene gets deleted from a chromosome
    b. Duplication -- when a gene has an extra copy on a chromosome
    c. Insertion -- when the number of DNA bases in a gene changes because a piece of DNA is added
    d. Inversion -- when the order of genes on a chromosome changes
    e. Translocation -- when a gene is transferred from one chromosome to another

Correct, your turn

[platypusomelette]

Aight i guess im gonna ask some questions
1. For initiation of transcription to occur, assistant proteins need to bind to RNA polymerase for it to attach to the promoter. What are these protein/s called in prokaryotes and eukaryotes respectively?
2. Polymerase makes ______ supercoils behind it and _______ supercoils ahead of it.
3. Describe the difference in transcription termination between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
4. Describe how lncRNAs are involved in X chromosome inactivation.
5. How is catabolite activator protein / CAP involved in operon regulation?

[Andromeda215]

Answers (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. ? Prokaryotes: activator; Eukaryotes: Mediator protein
2. positive, negative? 
3. Prokaryotes: only 1 RNApol exists, so termination method doesn't depend on the RNApol used (unlike eukaryotes)
Eukaryotes: depends on RNApol used (I, II, or III)
4. the XIST region in the X chromosome codes for lncRNA that covers that chromosome, which inactivates it
5. increases interactions between transcription factors and RNA polymerase

[platypusomelette]

1. For prokaryotes it's sigma factor, for eukaryotes it also includes "general transcription factors" but mediator is a good answer too
2. Correct
3. For prokaryotes the terminator creates a hairpin loop and the polymerase pops off. For eukaryotes the poly-A signal is read and makes a poly-A tail, and then the mRNA is cut off
4. Correct
5. Correct Nice job, your turn

[platypusomelette]

Bump?

[platypusomelette]

Ok i'll ask more questions

1. If a mutation occurs in the gene coding for catabolite activator protein (CAP), what consequences could occur for the genes that it regulates?
2. What are the three polymerases in eukaryotes and what part of replication does each do?
3. The 5' cap is a modified _________
4. A gene responsible for metabolizing sucrose is most likely a repressible or inducible operon?
5. What is the purpose of a sliding clamp in DNA replication?

[farmerjoe279]

Ok i'll ask more questions

1. If a mutation occurs in the gene coding for catabolite activator protein (CAP), what consequences could occur for the genes that it regulates?
2. What are the three polymerases in eukaryotes and what part of replication does each do?
3. The 5' cap is a modified _________
4. A gene responsible for metabolizing sucrose is most likely a repressible or inducible operon?
5. What is the purpose of a sliding clamp in DNA replication?

Answer to 2 and 3: 2: dna polymerase 1 (converting primers to dna), dna polymerase iii (dna synthesis), rna polymerase ii (mRNA synthesis) 3. guanine