I think it's good to know about which types of crops like what kinds of soil. ex: tomatoes like soil thats acidic, sweet corn likes soil thats also acidic (but less than tomatoes) and lettuce likes neutral to basic soil. know your absolute, vital and trace nutrients.
To test soil ph, I suggest you do a 1:5 ratio of soil:distilled water, let it sit or shake it up and then stick the ph paper in.

That's about all I know... Anything else I missed?

It's my school's first time to compete and I am a complete newbie.

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kt, tx!!!!!!!!!! WoodCreek Junior High!
